News
The planet “failed” the attempt to achieve this status: Saturn may be deprived of the title of a gas giant
In light of new research, astrophysicists have doubts about whether Saturn can be considered a true gas giant.
Professional astronomers and the general public tend to place Jupiter and Saturn in the same category of giant planets. After all, both planets are very large, both have a lot of hydrogen and helium gas that make up the bulk of their atmospheres, and the two planets are next to each other in the solar system.
But deeper studies using NASA’s Cassini and Juno spacecraft have revealed significant differences between the worlds – for example, in the amount of heavier elements buried deep inside the planets. In addition, Jupiter is three times more massive than Saturn.
In a new paper accepted for publication in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters, astrophysicist at the University of Zurich in Switzerland, Ravit Helled, suggests that our solar system has only one true gas giant: Jupiter. Uranus and Neptune are better known as ice giants as they are made up mostly of elements other than hydrogen and helium. Helled claims that Saturn is not a true gas giant and “failed” his attempt to reach that status.
Previously, researchers had speculated that Jupiter and Saturn were “playing similar games” – both planets had reached a certain critical stage, but Jupiter was somehow more fortunate.
According to Helled, Saturn never stood a chance. The critical threshold at which a planet can produce exponential amounts of hydrogen and helium is about 100 times the mass of the Earth. However, Saturn is right in the transition zone. If Saturn were even a little larger, it could compete with Jupiter for the title of the greatest planet in the solar system.
Instead, Saturn is stuck. It became large enough to draw out significant amounts of hydrogen and helium by gravity alone, but not large enough to start this process at an accelerated rate. As Helled emphasized, Saturn is therefore, in every way, a failed gas giant.
New research from cybersecurity company Kasada claims resellers are using bots to pre-order iPhone 15 smartphones, ordering millions of dollars worth of goods from Apple’s website and carriers. This complicates the task for ordinary buyers and delays delivery times.
The whole situation allows resellers to profit from the initial rush of demand by reselling devices for hundreds of dollars more than the recommended retail price. Resellers have long been a problem during the iPhone launch days, going back to the iPhone 4.
As noted by Kasada, trading bots, also known as All-In-One or AIO bots, have repurposed from buying in-demand sneakers to placing orders for the iPhone 15. This is especially aggravating the situation with the most in-demand iPhone 15 Pro Max. Kasada cites the example of one of the bots that made more than 3,000 checks or orders for the iPhone 15.
AIO bots are so called because they control the entire purchasing process, from determining the availability of new products to placing them in the cart and completing the order. These “batch transactions” can take anywhere from 10 to 0.2 seconds.
As with retail sales, Apple and other companies are continually cracking down on this practice with tools designed to detect the use of bots. Resellers respond by improving their tools.
The American company OpenAI has announced the release of a useful update to its generative artificial intelligence system, ChatGPT. According to the official blog, ChatGPT can search the web for the latest information, suggesting answers from “relevant and authoritative” sources.
The search is performed in the Microsoft Bing search engine. After receiving a response from the network, the user can click on the link and check the information provided. The feature, called Browse with Bing, is currently only open to those with Plus and Enterprise subscriptions, but the company says it will soon make it available to “all users.”
As the developers note, OpenAI has lifted the temporary restriction on data – previously, ChatGPT users had access to the amount of information until September 2021. Now the ChatGPT search engine can freely search for the latest information.
As a reminder, OpenAI added the ability to browse the internet to its iOS app ChatGPT at the end of June 2023, but quickly removed it. The reason turned out to be that users quickly found a loophole – the chatbot could be “persuaded” to provide paid content by entering the full URL.
Components
GeForce RTX 4090 is ready for Counter-Strike 2. The video card produces 543 FPS in the game
Almost immediately after the release of Counter-Strike 2, Nvidia explained what to expect in the game when using 3D cards from the GeForce RTX 40 line.
With Full HD resolution and maximum graphics settings, the flagship of the line – GeForce RTX 4090 – produces 543 FPS. Nvidia assured that the GeForce RTX 4090 in Counter-Strike 2 is 4.5 times faster than the GeForce GTX 1080 and 2.9 times faster than the GeForce RTX 2080.
At the other end is the GeForce RTX 4060, but even it provides more than 200 FPS under the same conditions. The performance gap between the GeForce RTX 4060 and GeForce RTX 4060 Ti is quite small, unlike other models in the line.
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