Photo: zodiackillerfacts.com
An international team of hackers, which included experts from the USA, Australia and Belgium, was able to guess a serial cipher nicknamed the Zodiac, which was never caught. This code is 51 years old. The zodiac sent him to the American newspaper San Francisco Chronicle in 1969.
Cipher 340, named for the number of words it contains, reads: “I hope you have a lot of fun trying to catch me. It wasn’t me on that TV show. I am not afraid of the gas chamber, because it will send me to heaven even earlier, because now I have enough slaves to work for me. They are afraid of death, but I am not. ” We are talking about the television show The Jim Dunbar Show from October 22, 1969, which was telephoned by an unknown person who introduced himself as Zodiac. The text of the message was sent two weeks after this show.
While working on the cipher, the team hoped that the killer would reveal his name in the text.
One of the researchers, programmer David Oranchak, has been working on the killer puzzle for almost 15 years. He wanted to create a program to decrypt the message, but attempts were unsuccessful. Oranczak even set up a website called ZodiacKillerCiphers.com with information on ciphers.
Another member of the group, programmer Jarl Van Eycke, created AZdecrypt, a tool that allowed him to set the world record for decrypting bigrams.
Sam Blake identified and collected information about the changes in the ciphertext, which ultimately turned out to be the key to the hack. By running the cipher through AZdecrypt, the team found that there are 650,000 possible readings of the cipher. Then the programmers began to select the most likely scenarios.
Photo: David Oranczak, Sam Blake, Jarl Van Eycke / zodiackillerfacts.com
The first unraveled message in 1969, “Code 408”, had encryption, in which it was necessary to select letters that were designated by certain symbols. The meaning is consistent with the new decoding. In the first letter, the killer wrote that he was killing people in order to “collect slaves” who could serve him during his afterlife in “paradise”. The zodiac included the same errors in the text, using the words “paradise” and “slaves.”
Photo: zodiackillerfacts.com
In the last “Code 340” the words were lined up diagonally downward, sometimes shifting to the side along the column. Similar schemes could be found in the ciphers of the American military leadership of the 1950s, Oranchak said.
Two messages of the Zodiac are still unsolved. It is alleged that in one of them, the killer still calls his name.
The zodiac was active in California in the 1960s. He was never arrested or identified. At the same time, the killer amused himself by sending encrypted messages about himself to the editorial offices of newspapers. In one of them, he said that he had killed 37 people. At the same time, the US police officially confirmed only seven episodes with his participation.
Components
12,228 stream processors, 384-bit memory bus, and 192MB fast cache. Possible characteristics of the Radeon RX 7900 XT
Another portion of preliminary details about AMD’s new generation 3D cards has been published on the Web.
It is assumed that the Radeon RX 7900 XT will be built on the Navi 31 GPU, consisting of one GCD module (the equivalent of CCD in Ryzen processors) with 12,288 stream processors and six MCD modules – each with 16 MB of third-level cache (Infinity Cache) and 64 -bit memory controller. In total, this gives 96 MB of cache memory and a 384-bit bus, but the use of bulk packaging technology will allow each MCD to place another cache chip, as a result, the total volume of Infinity Cahce will be 192 MB.
This is the full Navi 31 configuration, but there will also be a stripped-down version – with 10,752 stream processors and five MCDs – with 160 MB of Infinity Cache and a 320-bit bus. Such a GPU could form the basis of the Radeon RX 7800 XT.
Navi 32 is another contender for the Radeon RX 7800 XT (or more likely the Radeon RX 7800). It predicts the presence of 7680 stream processors, a 256-bit bus and 64 MB of Infinity Cache (there will be no additional cache memory chips). Finally, the Radeon RX 7700 XT can get a monolithic Navi 33 GPU with 4096 stream processors and 32 MB Infinity Cahce and a 128-bit bus.
European Space Agency astronomers have mapped the life of the Sun as part of the Gaia Milky Way project.
The main mission of Gaia is to map the Milky Way. Astronomers track the position and movement of stars in the sky while making detailed observations of each star’s brightness and spectral classification. These values can be used to determine factors such as the chemical composition and temperature of stars, which can be used to estimate the age of a star. The mass of a star remains the same with age, but the temperature changes. This value depends on the nuclear fusion taking place in the stellar core, and increases as the star approaches death.
The Sun is classified as a yellow dwarf, about 4.57 billion years old and has a surface temperature of 5772 Kelvin. Astronomers have studied similar stars with low temperatures between 3,000 and 10,000 kelvins. Such stars tend to be smaller and live longer.
Having determined the stars most similar to the Sun, astronomers calculated the time of his death. The temperature of the Sun will peak at about 8 billion years old, after which it will turn into a red giant star at an age of 10 to 11 billion years. Eventually, the star will run out of hydrogen needed for core fusion and die.
According to astronomers, the brightness of the Sun increases by about 10% every billion years. It also increases the temperature of the star and, consequently, the Earth – such changes will make our planet uninhabitable.
News
Meizu has announced a “powerful flagship sale” in China. Meizu 18s Pro has fallen in price by $120
Meizu launched a “powerful flagship sale” in China from today until August 18th. True, all smartphones were released last year and at the moment they are no longer so relevant: Meizu 18s and 18s Pro are based on Snapdragon 888 Plus, and Meizu 18X is completely built on Snapdragon 870.
The biggest discount is on Meizu 18s Pro. It immediately fell in price by $120 (the price starts from $535). Meizu 18X and Meizu 18s are now $90 more affordable, they are offered for $275 and $400. Sale will last
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