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Opening a window into Mars geological past greatly improves chances Opening a window into Mars geological past greatly improves chances

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Opening a window into Mars’ geological past greatly improves chances of discovering biological signatures

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A team led by Alexis Rodriguez of the Planetary Science Institute has made a discovery that reveals evidence for the existence of sedimentary plains that were formed as a result of water runoff from aquifers on Mars.

“Our research focuses on a sedimentary formation within the Hydraotes Chaos region, which we interpret as the remnants of a mud lake formed by the runoff of a gas-saturated clay layer approximately 4 billion years ago, when the surface of Mars was likely suitable for life,” said Rodriguez, chief author of the article.

A study of water flows from aquifers (underground rock layers) on Mars discovered the existence of flood channels extending for thousands of kilometers in the northern lowlands of the planet. The powerful erosion caused by this process, combined with sediment released from aquifers, extends over large areas of the northern lowlands. Typically, such a complex landscape presents difficulties for studying the nature of Martian aquifers.

Opening a window into Mars' geological past greatly improves chances of discovering biological signatures

An area of ​​height difference that scientists interpret as the periphery of a flooded lake. Source: NASA

“Trying to distinguish between layers that originate from aquifers and materials eroded and transported during channel formation can be challenging. The plains located in Hydraotes Chaos provide information on ancient aquifer materials. These plains were formed by the displacement of mud into the basin above the aquifer source and thus present a more targeted opportunity for exploration. Unlike huge flood channels with their complex erosion patterns, this discovery facilitates the study of Martian aquifers, reducing the risk of surface sedimentation and providing a new window into the past geological development of Mars,” Rodriguez added.

“The aquifer source was probably formed as a result of the separation of rocks of a gas-saturated clay layer and the creation of extensive aquifer chambers that are several kilometers wide and hundreds of meters deep. This process was probably stimulated by magmatic activity. “The observed segmented sediment in an area of ​​chaotic terrain indicates an interconnected network of chambers reflecting stable water-bearing caves, the largest of which may exceed the size of similar structures on Earth,” explained paper co-author Brian Travis.

“Biomolecules could be evenly distributed inside large underground caves filled with water. The water came to the surface and formed ponds, then it disappeared, leaving behind sediments and possibly high concentrations of biomolecules,” Rodriguez said.

The remains of this ancient mud lake will likely provide access to aquifer materials enriched in biomolecules that remained hidden in the subsurface of Mars for most of its existence.

“The Ames Research Center is looking at these plains as one possible landing area for a mission aimed at finding biomarkers, particularly lipids. These biomolecules are very stable and could survive on Mars for billions of years,” said NASA scientist Mary Beth Wilhelm.

“In addition, the study area includes extensive mud volcanoes and possible diapirs, providing additional opportunities to study underground rocks that are potentially suitable for life. A small rover will be able to take samples of mud sediments and other materials, which greatly increases the chances of detecting traces of life,” added co-author Jeffrey Kargel.

“Our estimates of the age of the plains indicate that they are quite young, approximately 1 billion years old. This is great news in the context of the search for life. This age is much younger than the age of most waste streams from aquifers on Mars, which is approximately 3-4 billion years. These materials spent most of their time in the subsurface,” explained co-author Daniel Berman.

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Small, but remote. Corsair unveils SSD MP600 Micro in M.2 2242 form factor

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Small but remote Corsair unveils SSD MP600 Micro in M2

Most modern solid-state drives have the M.2 2280 form factor, but sometimes you need a much more compact SSD – M.2 2242. Corsair did just that.

Small, but remote.  Corsair unveils SSD MP600 Micro in M.2 2242 form factor

In the photo you can see the MP600 Micro model in the specified form factor. The length of such a drive is 42 mm, although there is also an M.2 2230 that is only 30 mm long.

The new product supports PCIe 4.0 and is characterized by data transfer speeds of up to 5100 MB/s for reading and 4300 MB/s for writing. Performance is respectively 600,000 and 890,000 IOPS. These parameters are typical for the 1 TB model, which also has a resource of 600 TBW.

It remains to add that the new product is based on 176-layer Micron 3D TLC NAND memory and is priced at $70.

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Huawei defeated American sanctions: the Chinese company now has its own 5-nanometer processor

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Huawei defeated American sanctions the Chinese company now has its

Five years under strict American sanctions, which cut Huawei off from advanced single-chip systems, have yielded results: the company has its own 5-nanometer processor made in China.

Huawei defeated American sanctions: the Chinese company now has its own 5-nanometer processor

There is an interesting story with this processor. Five days ago, Huawei introduced the Qingyun L540 laptop based on the Kirin 9006C SoC: and at that time, all the characteristics of the device were revealed, but nothing was reported about the central element of the hardware platform. Now Huawei has updated the description on the website, which clearly states that the Kirin 9006C is manufactured using the 5 nm process technology.

Huawei defeated American sanctions: the Chinese company now has its own 5-nanometer processor

The official description says that the single-chip system has eight cores and a maximum frequency of 3.13 GHz. The Gizmochina resource adds: the CPU is made according to a two-cluster design – with four Arm Cortex-A77 cores and four more Arm Cortex-A55 cores.

Let’s remember that earlier Huawei had a 7-nanometer SoC Kirin 9000S, and it is used in the flagships of the Mate 60 line. Kirin 9000S is produced by SMIC, and the same company most likely produces the 5-nanometer Kirin 9006C.

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Intel, where is the gain from new architectures? Core Ultra 9 185H was slower than Core i9-13900H with the same number of cores

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Intel where is the gain from new architectures Core Ultra

Yesterday we took a look at the first tests of the Core Ultra 7 155H, which at first glance are not impressive. Today the first test results of the flagship Core Ultra 9 185H appeared on the Internet.

Intel, where is the gain from new architectures?  Core Ultra 9 185H was slower than Core i9-13900H with the same number of cores

This CPU has the maximum number of cores for Meteor Lake: six large, eight small and two small in the SoC. The CPU operates at frequencies up to 5.1 GHz. Now there is a result only in CPU-Z: 767 and 8097 points in single-threaded and multi-threaded modes, respectively.

Intel, where is the gain from new architectures?  Core Ultra 9 185H was slower than Core i9-13900H with the same number of cores

In this case, we are interested in both, since the single-threaded mode shows the benefits of the new architecture, and Meteor Lake has both large and small cores with the new architecture.

As you can see, in single-threaded mode the new product is faster than the Core i5-13500H, but slower than the Core i7-13800H. That is, no advantage in single-threaded performance from switching to a new architecture is visible, but this is if we ignore the issue of power consumption. Formally, the TDP of the Core Ultra 9 185H and Core i7-13800H is the same and is 45 W. If the actual consumption is also approximately equal, then it turns out that, indeed, there is no performance gain from the transition to new architectures.

Intel, where is the gain from new architectures?  Core Ultra 9 185H was slower than Core i9-13900H with the same number of cores

If we talk about multi-threaded mode, here, interestingly, the situation is a little better, but not that radically. Yes, the Core Ultra 9 185H is already ahead of the Core i7-13800H, and noticeably ahead (by 15%), but the Core i9-13900H is already ahead of the new product by about 10%. And at the same time, all these three CPUs have the same number of large and small cores, except for the small cores in the Meteor Lake SoC. And if you count them, then the new product has even more cores.

Thus, if we summarize yesterday’s data with today’s, it turns out that we should not expect any tangible performance gain from switching from Raptor Lake to Meteor Lake when comparing CPUs with similar configurations. At the same time, Meteor Lake has a much more powerful iGPU and is likely still noticeably lower power consumption, although yesterday’s tests showed that the Ryzen 7040 is even better in this regard thanks to the much more modern 4 nm process technology.

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