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New telescope could detect decaying dark matter in the early New telescope could detect decaying dark matter in the early

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New telescope could detect decaying dark matter in the early universe

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Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. It makes up more than 90% of all atoms, exceeding ten times the atoms of helium and a hundred times all other elements combined. Hydrogen is present everywhere, from the waters of the oceans to the most distant regions of the Cosmic Dawn. Astronomers are interested in neutral hydrogen, which can emit weak radio emission.

The 21 centimeter line is the result of the transition of a hydrogen electron from one energy state to another. This happens when the spins of an electron and a proton bound by a hydrogen molecule are oriented in the same way. In the case of spin alignment, the energy of hydrogen will be slightly higher. However, when the spins are in opposite directions, the electron can change its spin by emitting a photon. The emission of a photon can occur spontaneously. Therefore, wherever hydrogen clouds are concentrated, they emit radio energy with a wavelength of 21 centimeters.

This property of neutral hydrogen helps astronomers study its motion in the universe and its cosmological redshift. In one of the first experiments using this method to study the movement of hydrogen in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, astronomer Vera Rubin was able to detect the presence of dark matter. Now a new study shows that the 21-centimeter line may provide the first evidence for the existence of dark matter particles.

New telescope could detect decaying dark matter in the early universe

HERA radio telescope. Source: HERA Collaboration

The study will take place at the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) radio telescope located in South Africa and optimized for observing hydrogen in the early stages of the universe. Once launched, HERA will map the large-scale structure of hydrogen during times of cosmic darkness and the appearance of the first stars and galaxies. At this time, the Universe was filled with dark matter and clouds of hydrogen.

If dark matter is truly neutral and interacts only gravitationally with matter and light, then the 21-centimeter line becomes the only light emitted in the early stages of the universe. However, the most common model of dark matter suggests the existence of particles known as Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). Neutral dark matter particles are much heavier than ordinary matter particles such as protons and electrons. In certain cases, dark matter particles can decay, turning into ordinary matter, and in the process creating positrons, electrons, protons and antiprotons. In this case, energetic decay particles will also interact in the radio range with a wavelength of 21 centimeters.

It is known from cosmic background observations and other studies that the half-life of WIMP particles is very long. So far, we haven’t found any evidence for the decay of dark matter, which could mean that these particles either don’t exist or have half-lives in excess of a trillion years. A new study shows that even with a thousand-fold increase in half-life, HERA will be able to detect its presence in the early universe. This will require only 1000 hours of observations.

Even if HERA does not find any evidence of dark matter decay, the data obtained from HERA may rule out some WIMP models and narrow down the selection from a group of models.

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Toyota Highlander 2024 presented: price from 39.1 thousand dollars and new Nightshade styling package

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Toyota Highlander 2024 presented price from 391 thousand dollars and

The 2024 Toyota Highlander crossover was presented in the United States. The car has become more expensive, but only due to the fact that the basic L version has been abolished. Now the LE version opens the model range with better equipment, but also a higher price of 39.1 thousand dollars (2.5 thousand dollars more expensive than the L version).

Toyota Highlander 2024 presented: price from 39.1 thousand dollars and new Nightshade styling package

The second innovation is the appearance of the Nightshade styling package, available for the LE and XLE trim levels. It includes a lot of black elements: radiator grille, mirror housings, door handles, antenna, rear spoiler, rims. And the XLE with the Nightshade package also has black roof rails. The 2024 Toyota Highlander LE Nightshade has black seat upholstery (it’s cloth, not leather), while the XLE Nightshade has two-tone seat upholstery. The cost of Nightshade versions ranges from 41.2 to 46.5 thousand dollars.

Toyota Highlander 2024 presented: price from 39.1 thousand dollars and new Nightshade styling package

Toyota Highlander 2024 presented: price from 39.1 thousand dollars and new Nightshade styling package

The engines have not changed with the transition to the 2024 model year: the base version has a 269 hp turbo engine, and the top version has a hybrid power plant based on a 2.4 liter naturally aspirated engine. The basic versions of the Toyota Highlander 2024 are single-wheel drive, the more expensive ones are all-wheel drive.

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Robots are buying everything: that’s why living people don’t get iPhone 15

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Robots are buying everything thats why living people dont get

New research from cybersecurity company Kasada claims resellers are using bots to pre-order iPhone 15 smartphones, ordering millions of dollars worth of goods from Apple’s website and carriers. This complicates the task for ordinary buyers and delays delivery times.

Robots are buying everything: that’s why living people don’t get iPhone 15

Generated by the Midjourney neural network

The whole situation allows resellers to profit from the initial rush of demand by reselling devices for hundreds of dollars more than the recommended retail price. Resellers have long been a problem during the iPhone launch days, going back to the iPhone 4.

As noted by Kasada, trading bots, also known as All-In-One or AIO bots, have repurposed from buying in-demand sneakers to placing orders for the iPhone 15. This is especially aggravating the situation with the most in-demand iPhone 15 Pro Max. Kasada cites the example of one of the bots that made more than 3,000 checks or orders for the iPhone 15.

AIO bots are so called because they control the entire purchasing process, from determining the availability of new products to placing them in the cart and completing the order. These “batch transactions” can take anywhere from 10 to 0.2 seconds.

As with retail sales, Apple and other companies are continually cracking down on this practice with tools designed to detect the use of bots. Resellers respond by improving their tools.

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Current update of the OpenAI chatbot: ChatGPT can now “Google” in real time

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Current update of the OpenAI chatbot ChatGPT can now Google

The American company OpenAI has announced the release of a useful update to its generative artificial intelligence system, ChatGPT. According to the official blog, ChatGPT can search the web for the latest information, suggesting answers from “relevant and authoritative” sources.

Current update of the OpenAI chatbot: ChatGPT can now “Google” in real time

Generated by the Midjourney neural network

The search is performed in the Microsoft Bing search engine. After receiving a response from the network, the user can click on the link and check the information provided. The feature, called Browse with Bing, is currently only open to those with Plus and Enterprise subscriptions, but the company says it will soon make it available to “all users.”

As the developers note, OpenAI has lifted the temporary restriction on data – previously, ChatGPT users had access to the amount of information until September 2021. Now the ChatGPT search engine can freely search for the latest information.

As a reminder, OpenAI added the ability to browse the internet to its iOS app ChatGPT at the end of June 2023, but quickly removed it. The reason turned out to be that users quickly found a loophole – the chatbot could be “persuaded” to provide paid content by entering the full URL.

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