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James Webb discovered carbon dioxide on Europa James Webb discovered carbon dioxide on Europa

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James Webb discovered carbon dioxide on Europa

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Much of the solar system appears to be quite poor—many regions have scientifically interesting chemistry and geology, but not biomarkers. However, there are several space objects that have not yet been studied in detail.

Europa, one of Jupiter’s four largest moons, often called the Galilean moons, is completely covered in a layer of water ice. Astronomers believe that underneath this layer lies an ocean of salty, liquid water and a rocky bottom. In some respects, Europe may not even be very different from some of our planet’s polar regions. And recently, scientists, thanks to data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), confirmed the presence of CO2 on Europa, increasing the potential for supporting life.

Because Europe is completely covered in ice, it is difficult to know what lies underneath. But astronomers may be able to glean clues from the interaction between the moon’s surface and the liquid ocean beneath it. To this end, scientists aimed JWST at Europa.

James Webb discovered carbon dioxide on Europa

The James Webb Space Telescope has confirmed the presence of CO2 on Europa. Source: Peacock

A relatively quick glance—the entire experiment took just a few minutes—at Europa confirmed the presence of carbon dioxide on the surface. On Earth, all life is carbon-based, so the presence of a confirmed source of CO2 on Europa is a strong argument for the moon’s potential habitability.

The analysis indicates that carbon dioxide was released from the subsurface ocean relatively recently. CO2 was most abundant in a geologically young region called Tara Reggio, it is not stable on the surface, so even if it had come out a long time ago, it would not have lasted long on the surface. This supports the argument that carbon dioxide arrived on Europa relatively recently. This is an important argument for scientists because it means that Europe most likely was not shaken by a meteorite impact, and the gas may be the product of some active processes occurring under the ice.

“We have observational evidence that the CO2 we see on Europa’s surface is coming from the ocean,” said Samantha Trumbo, an astronomer at Cornell University who analyzed the data.

During the upcoming mission, the Europa Clipper probe will make several close flybys of the icy moon to better study its chemistry and geology. The launch of the Europa Clipper mission is scheduled for October 2024, and the probe will reach the Jupiter system in 2030. The information collected during the mission should shed more light on the chemistry and geology of Jupiter’s moons.

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Small, but remote. Corsair unveils SSD MP600 Micro in M.2 2242 form factor

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Small but remote Corsair unveils SSD MP600 Micro in M2

Most modern solid-state drives have the M.2 2280 form factor, but sometimes you need a much more compact SSD – M.2 2242. Corsair did just that.

Small, but remote.  Corsair unveils SSD MP600 Micro in M.2 2242 form factor

In the photo you can see the MP600 Micro model in the specified form factor. The length of such a drive is 42 mm, although there is also an M.2 2230 that is only 30 mm long.

The new product supports PCIe 4.0 and is characterized by data transfer speeds of up to 5100 MB/s for reading and 4300 MB/s for writing. Performance is respectively 600,000 and 890,000 IOPS. These parameters are typical for the 1 TB model, which also has a resource of 600 TBW.

It remains to add that the new product is based on 176-layer Micron 3D TLC NAND memory and is priced at $70.

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Huawei defeated American sanctions: the Chinese company now has its own 5-nanometer processor

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Huawei defeated American sanctions the Chinese company now has its

Five years under strict American sanctions, which cut Huawei off from advanced single-chip systems, have yielded results: the company has its own 5-nanometer processor made in China.

Huawei defeated American sanctions: the Chinese company now has its own 5-nanometer processor

There is an interesting story with this processor. Five days ago, Huawei introduced the Qingyun L540 laptop based on the Kirin 9006C SoC: and at that time, all the characteristics of the device were revealed, but nothing was reported about the central element of the hardware platform. Now Huawei has updated the description on the website, which clearly states that the Kirin 9006C is manufactured using the 5 nm process technology.

Huawei defeated American sanctions: the Chinese company now has its own 5-nanometer processor

The official description says that the single-chip system has eight cores and a maximum frequency of 3.13 GHz. The Gizmochina resource adds: the CPU is made according to a two-cluster design – with four Arm Cortex-A77 cores and four more Arm Cortex-A55 cores.

Let’s remember that earlier Huawei had a 7-nanometer SoC Kirin 9000S, and it is used in the flagships of the Mate 60 line. Kirin 9000S is produced by SMIC, and the same company most likely produces the 5-nanometer Kirin 9006C.

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Intel, where is the gain from new architectures? Core Ultra 9 185H was slower than Core i9-13900H with the same number of cores

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Intel where is the gain from new architectures Core Ultra

Yesterday we took a look at the first tests of the Core Ultra 7 155H, which at first glance are not impressive. Today the first test results of the flagship Core Ultra 9 185H appeared on the Internet.

Intel, where is the gain from new architectures?  Core Ultra 9 185H was slower than Core i9-13900H with the same number of cores

This CPU has the maximum number of cores for Meteor Lake: six large, eight small and two small in the SoC. The CPU operates at frequencies up to 5.1 GHz. Now there is a result only in CPU-Z: 767 and 8097 points in single-threaded and multi-threaded modes, respectively.

Intel, where is the gain from new architectures?  Core Ultra 9 185H was slower than Core i9-13900H with the same number of cores

In this case, we are interested in both, since the single-threaded mode shows the benefits of the new architecture, and Meteor Lake has both large and small cores with the new architecture.

As you can see, in single-threaded mode the new product is faster than the Core i5-13500H, but slower than the Core i7-13800H. That is, no advantage in single-threaded performance from switching to a new architecture is visible, but this is if we ignore the issue of power consumption. Formally, the TDP of the Core Ultra 9 185H and Core i7-13800H is the same and is 45 W. If the actual consumption is also approximately equal, then it turns out that, indeed, there is no performance gain from the transition to new architectures.

Intel, where is the gain from new architectures?  Core Ultra 9 185H was slower than Core i9-13900H with the same number of cores

If we talk about multi-threaded mode, here, interestingly, the situation is a little better, but not that radically. Yes, the Core Ultra 9 185H is already ahead of the Core i7-13800H, and noticeably ahead (by 15%), but the Core i9-13900H is already ahead of the new product by about 10%. And at the same time, all these three CPUs have the same number of large and small cores, except for the small cores in the Meteor Lake SoC. And if you count them, then the new product has even more cores.

Thus, if we summarize yesterday’s data with today’s, it turns out that we should not expect any tangible performance gain from switching from Raptor Lake to Meteor Lake when comparing CPUs with similar configurations. At the same time, Meteor Lake has a much more powerful iGPU and is likely still noticeably lower power consumption, although yesterday’s tests showed that the Ryzen 7040 is even better in this regard thanks to the much more modern 4 nm process technology.

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